"War is no good but it's better than the regime killing our children," said a 39-year-old Iranian in Istanbul, saying he was "happy" US and Israeli warplanes were attacking Iran.
Like many Iranians exiled to neighbouring Turkey, Reza, who did not want to give his surname, has been glued to his phone since news broke that Israel and the United States had begun air strikes on Iran.
Despite worrying about their families, most exiles in Turkey's largest city told AFP they were happy with the strikes, which US President Donald Trump had threatened in January over Iran's protest crackdown that left thousands dead.
"America is attacking the military bases, the people who 40 days ago were killing our children, so they are helping us. This war is no good, people will die, but I'm happy," Reza, a mature student, told AFP.
Ali, a film director who like almost all the Iranians interviewed by AFP did not give his surname, agreed.
"Now people in Iran are full of hope and they are very, very happy," Ali said.
"Iranians have been counting the minutes until America came to destroy the regime."
Over the past few weeks, Trump has sent warships and dozens of fighter planes to the Middle East, raising fears of a US strike -- even as US and Iranians diplomats held indirect talks on Iran's nuclear programme.
But early on Saturday, the tensions came to a head as Israeli and US warplanes began hitting targets in Iran, with Trump urging Iranians to stand up to their government and telling them: "The hour of your freedom is at hand."
Turkey, which shares a 500-kilometre (300-mile) border with Iran, currently hosts more than 74,000 Iranians with residence permits and some 5,000 refugees.
While the unrest has raised fears of an influx of people, there have been no reports of unusual activity at the Turkey-Iran border so far.
- 'Difficult days ahead' -
"I'm both worried and happy, hoping for Iran's freedom," said Sepideh, a former teacher, who told AFP she managed to speak to a few friends in the morning, despite Iran cutting off all internet access.
Even with the internet shutdown, Mehdi, an engineer from the northern Iranian city of Tabriz, said he had managed to reach his family on Friday night.
"Everyone was aware of the possibility of war, so they have been saving fuel and storing enough food. They are planning to move to rural areas," he said.
"We never wanted war in our country. It is the mullahs' brutal theocracy that has put us in this situation," he said.
"We don't support Trump or Israel either, we want freedom and democracy, but this will not come easily. There will be very difficult days ahead, but Iran will get through this period. We will survive."
Some are hoping the strikes will bring people back on the streets in another show of mass protest that could ultimately bring down Iran's authoritarian government.
"People are full of anger -- many thousands of people died in the protests and they are waiting like a wolf for an opportunity for revenge. This is their best chance," said Reza.
Others are already looking to a future when the country will begin a transition to democracy -- with some putting their hopes in Reza Pahlavi, the exiled eldest son of Iran's last shah, who rose to prominence during the recent protests.
"Every Iranian is ready: as soon as Prince Reza Pahlavi gives the order that we can return, we won't stay away a minute longer," said Amir Hossein, a singer from Tehran.
"We will all come back to build a magnificent Iran."
- European diaspora -
Members of the diaspora across Europe came together to express solidarity with their people.
Around 20 people demonstrated outside the Iranian embassy in Brussels, with some holding Iran's pre-Islamic revolution flag -- now a symbol of opposition to the current leadership.
In London, some 300 people gathered with US flags outside the prime minister's residence and offices, with more joining the march as it moved toward the Iranian embassy, an AFP reporter observed.
Bita, a member of the Stage of Freedom group that organised the protest, hailed an "incredibly positive" mood inside Iran.
"The people of Iran have been willing this, have been calling for this… ultimately they will bring about the regime change they want that will benefit not only Iran, not only the Middle East, but the West," Bita said.
A small anti-war protest was meanwhile attended by a few dozen people, who shouted "Hands off Iran" and "Stop killing children".
In Berlin, a rally in front of the Iranian embassy denounced both the government and the Shah's son, calling for "Neither monarchy nor the mullahs' dictatorship" but "democracy, equality".
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